(PDF) Integrating indicators of natural regeneration, enrichment ...
Despite the devastating impacts, the mining sector has been booming in many tropical regions, including in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) (Resosudarmo et al., 2009). In East Kalimantan alone, as many as 1476 coal mining permits have been issued with a total extent of 5,406,566 hectares (Subarudi et al., 2016).